Manuscript Number : IJSRSET2310652

Mycoremedial Approach for Biodegradation of Textile Dyes

Authors(4) :-Sakshi Suman, Yamini Agrawal, Aarti Yadav, Nitin Chauhan

Mycoremediation, a form of bioremediation facilitated by fungi, has been employed for the biodegradation of azo dyes, including congo red, acid red, and basic blue. In this study, four fungal isolates, namely Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus piperis, Penicillium oxalicum, and Penicillium chrysogenum, obtained from dye effluent were used. Four biodegradation methods were selected, including solid media dye accumulation, liquid media methods under stationary and shaking conditions at 28°C, and biosorption using dead biomass. For the first time, we report the involvement of the isolated fungal species A. piperis, derived from textile effluent, in the biodegradation of textile dyes. Comparative spectrophotometric analysis revealed more than 90% of dye decolourization in the fungus-inoculated medium supplemented with dyes, compared to control. Higher percentage of decolorization were obtained under shaking conditions compared to the stationary method. Dead fungal biomass exhibited effective dye absorption, resulting in a noticeable color change during dye degradation. The seed germination bioassay revealed that treated dye solutions promoted germination; however, untreated inhibited it. Further, untreated dye effluent hindered microbial growth. The excellent performance of A. piperis in the biodegradation of textile azo dyes with diverse chemical structures highlights and reinforces the bioremediation potential of these fungi for environmental decontamination.

Authors and Affiliations

Sakshi Suman
Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
Yamini Agrawal
Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
Aarti Yadav
Department of Microbiology, Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
Nitin Chauhan
Department of Microbiology, Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India

Aspergillus piperis, Biosorption, Bioremediation, Decolorization, Dyes, Mycoremediation

  1. Akan, J.C., Abdulrahman, F.I., Ayodele, J.T., 2009. Impact of tannery and textile effluent on the chemical characteristics of Challawa River, Kano State, Nigeria. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Science 3(3), 1933–1947.
  2. Ali, H., 2010. Biodegradation of synthetic dyes—a review. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 213, 251-273.
  3. Azbar, N., Yonar, T., Kestioglu, K., 2004. Comparison of various advanced oxidation processes and chemical treatment methods for COD and color removal from a polyester and acetate fiber dyeing effluent. Chemosphere 55, 35–43.
  4. Banat, I.M., Nigam, P., Singh, D., Marchant, R., 1996. Microbial decolorization of textile-dye-containing effluents: a review. Bioresource Technology 58, 217-227.
  5. Campos, R., Kandelbauer, A., Robra, K.H., Artur, C.P., Gubitz, G.M., 2001. Indigo degradation with purified laccases from Trametes hirsuta and Sclerotim rolfsii. Journal of Biotechnology 8, 131-39.
  6. Christiane, A., Steeve, M., Jean-Bosco, S.T., Kor, N.M., Brama, I., 2013. Biodegradation of Reactive Blue 4 and Orange G by Pycnoporus sanguineus Strain Isolated in Gabon. Journal of Bioremediation & Biodegradation 4, 206.
  7. Chung, K.T., Stevens, S.E., Cerniglia, C.E., 1992. The reduction of azo dyes by the intestinal microflora. Critical Review of Microbiology 18, 175-90.
  8. Couto, S.R., Herrera, J.L.T., 2006. Industrial and biotechnological applications of laccases: a review. Biotechnology advances 24(5), 500-513.
  9. Crini, G., 2006. Non-conventional low-cost adsorbents for dye removal: a review. Bioresource Technology 97(9), 1061-85.
  10. Dhanjal, N.I.K., Mittu, B., Chauhan, A., Gupta, S., 2013. Biodegradation of textile dyes using fungal isolates. Journal of Environment Science and Technology 6(2), 99-105.
  11. Enayatizamir, N., Tabandeh, F., Couto, S.R., Yakhchali, B., Alikhani, H. A., & Mohammadi, L., 2011. Biodegradation pathway and detoxification of the diazo dye Reactive Black 5 by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Bioresource Technology 102(22), 10359-10362.
  12. Ferrero, F., 2007. Dye removal by low cost adsorbents: Hazelnut shells in comparison with wood sawdust. Journal of Hazardous Materials 142, 144-52.
  13. Franca, R.D., Oliveira, M.C., Pinheiro, H.M., Lourenc?o, N.D., 2019. Biodegradation products of a sulfonated azo dye in aerobic granular sludge sequencing batch reactors treating simulated textile wastewater. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 7(17), 14697-14706.
  14.  Fu, Y., Viraraghavan, T., 2002. Removal of Congo red from an aqueous solution by fungus Aspergillus niger. Advance in Environmental Research 7, 239-47.
  15. Gadallah, M.A.A., 1996. Phytotoxic effects of industrial and sewage waste waters on growth, chlorophyll content, transpiration rate and relative water content of potted sunflower plants. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 89, 33-47.
  16. Galindo, C., Kalt, T., 1999. UV/H2O oxidation of azo dyes in aqueous media: evidence of a structure – degradability relationship. Dyes and Pigments 42, 199–207.
  17. Gold, M.H., Glenn, J.K., Alic, M., 1998. Use of polymeric dyes in lignin biodegration assays. Methods in Enzymology 161, 74–78.
  18. Gu, J.D., 2022. On enrichment culturing and transferring technique. Applied Environmental Biotechnology 7(1), 1-5.
  19. Hammel, K.E., Gai, W.Z., Green, B., 1992. Oxidative degradation of phenanthrene by the ligninolytic fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 58(6), 1832–1838.
  20. Husain, Q., 2006. Potential applications of the oxidoreductive enzymes in the decolorization and detoxification of textile and other synthetic dyes from polluted water: a review. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology 26(4), 201–221.
  21. Karakousis, A., Tan, L., Ellis, D., Alexiou, H., Wormald, P.J., 2006. An assessment of the efficiency of fungal DNA extraction methods for maximizing the detection of medically important fungi using PCR. Journal of microbiological methods 65(1), 38-48.
  22. Kaushik, P., Malik, A., 2014. Mycoremediation of synthetic dyes: An insight into the mechanism, process optimization and reactor design. Microbial degradation of synthetic dyes in wastewaters, 1–25.
  23. Khaled, E., Hassan, G., Khider, M., Mandour, R., 2010. Safe biodegradation of textile azo dyes by newly isolated lactic acid bacteria and detection of plasmids associated with degradation. Journal of Bioremediation & Biodegradation 1(3), 1-6.
  24. Khan, R., Bhawana, P., Fulekar, M.H., 2013. Microbial decolorization and degradation of synthetic dyes: a review. Review in Environmental Science and Biotechnology 2(1), 75–97.
  25. Liu, L., Si, L., Yang, J., Peng, L., Qiao, S., Sun, Y., Guo, C., 2023. Biodegradation and process optimization of phenol and formaldehyde by Aspergillus nomius SGFA1. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 182, 105630.
  26. Magalhães, F., Pereira, L.D.O., Lelo, R.V., Coelho, G.C., 2019. Degradation of textile dyes from synthetic and wastewater samples using TiO 2/C/Fe magnetic photocatalyst and TiO 2. Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society 16, 2281-2289.
  27. Mani, S., Chowdhary, P., Bharagava, R.N., 2019. Textile wastewater dyes: toxicity profile and treatment approaches. Emerging and eco-friendly approaches for waste management, 219-244.
  28. Maurya, K.L., Swain, G., Sonwani, R.K., Verma, A., Singh, R.S., 2022. Biodegradation of Congo red dye using polyurethane foam-based biocarrier combined with activated carbon and sodium alginate: Batch and continuous study. Bioresource Technology 351, 126999.
  29. Meghwal, K., Agrawal, R., Kumawat, S., Jangid, N.K., Ameta, C., 2020. Chemical and Biological Treatment of Dyes. Impact of Textile Dyes on Public Health and the Environment, 170-204.
  30. Mishra, A., Kumar, S., Pandey, A.K., 2011. Laccase production and simultaneous decolorization of synthetic dyes in unique inexpensive medium by new isolates of white rot fungus. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 65, 487-493
  31. Park, D., 2007. Genomic DNA isolation from different biological materials. Protocols for Nucleic Acid Analysis by Nonradioactive Probes, 3-13.
  32. Pointing, S.B., 1999. Qualitative methods for the determination of lignocellulolytic enzyme production by tropical fungi. Fungal Diversity 2, 17-33.
  33. Pointing, S.B., Vrijmoed, L.L.P., 2000. Decolorization of azo and triphenylmethane dyes by Pycnoporus sanguineus producing laccase as the sole phenoloxidase. World Journal Microbiology and Biotechnology 16(3), 317–318.
  34. Rathi, B.S., Kumar, P.S., 2022. Sustainable approach on the biodegradation of azo dyes: A short review. Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry 33, 100578.
  35. Rehman, K., Shahzad, T., Sahar, A., Hussain, S., Mahmood, F., Siddique, M. H., Rashid, M. I., 2018. Effect of Reactive Black 5 azo dye on soil processes related to C and N cycling. Peer J 6, 4802.
  36. Robinson, T., McMullan, G., Marchant, R., 2001. Remediation of dyes in textile effluent: a critical review on current treatment technologies with a proposed alternative. Bioresource Technology 77(3), 274–255.
  37. Saratale, R.G., Saratale, G.D., Chang, J.S., Govindwar, S.P., 2011. Bacterial decolorization and degradation of azo dyes: A review. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 42, 138–157.
  38. Singh, L., Singh, V.P., 2010. Biodegradation of textiles dyes, Bromophenol blue and congo red by fungus-Aspergillus flavus. Environment & We an International Journal of Science & Technology 5(4), 235–242.
  39. Singh, L., 2011. Bio-degradation of hazardous dyes: A microbial approach for pollutants degradation. Oaks 7, 82–83.
  40. Swamy, J., Ramsay, J.A., 1999. Effect of Mn2+ and NH4+ concentration on laccase and manganese peroxidase production and Amaranth decoloration by Trametes versicolor. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 51, 391–396.
  41. Wesenberg, D., Kyriakides, I., Agathos, S.N., 2003. White-rot fungi and their enzymes for the treatment of industrial dye effluents. Biotechnology Advances 22(1-2), 161–187.
  42. Yang, X.Q., Zhao, X.X., Liu, C.Y., Zheng, Y., Qian, S.J., 2009. Decolorization of azo, triphenylmethane and anthraquinone dyes by a newly isolated Trametes sp. SQ01 and its laccase. Process Biochemistry 44, 1185–89.
  43. Zhou, W., Zimmermann, W., 1993. Decolorization of industrial effluents containing reactive dyes by actinomycetes. FEMS Microbiology Letters 107, 157-162.

Publication Details

Published in : Volume 11 | Issue 1 | January-February 2024
Date of Publication : 2024-01-06
License:  This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Page(s) : 29-40
Manuscript Number : IJSRSET2310652
Publisher : Technoscience Academy

Print ISSN : 2395-1990, Online ISSN : 2394-4099

Cite This Article :

Sakshi Suman, Yamini Agrawal, Aarti Yadav, Nitin Chauhan, " Mycoremedial Approach for Biodegradation of Textile Dyes, International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology(IJSRSET), Print ISSN : 2395-1990, Online ISSN : 2394-4099, Volume 11, Issue 1, pp.29-40, January-February-2024. Available at doi : https://doi.org/10.32628/IJSRSET2310652      Journal URL : https://res.ijsrset.com/IJSRSET2310652

Article Preview